All You Need To Know About C.U. English Honours

English Honours course has become overly hyped in the last few decades. It is being seen as a status symbol by most of the students. But in reality it is just a false cover which has emerged in the recent times. English being a globally spoken language, an honors degree in this superior language is highly eye catching and helps in elevating the status.

English Honours will not land you in corporate job

Students who are looking make a career in corporate sector should opt for the business oriented courses like management studies, mass communication, business management and others. English (Hons) will not help in securing any corporate job at unless you follow it a post graduate diploma in other field.

 
What is English Honours in reality?

The subject studied under the arts are more of theoretical nature which focuses on touching the inner cord of realism and understanding. How well you can take in different though process and understand their essence in the modern times is discussed through out the text books. Similarly studying of English literature is a pure Art in itself. It will open you mind and level consciousness at a completely different level. It doesn't mean you will next great writer, poet or statesman but it will have profound effect on your sensibility, understanding and the way you perceive the world around you. You will be able to generate a taste for the poetry, short stories and other kind literary materials. Rather than cursing the great works of other writer you will be able to appreciate their effort.

What does English Honours contains?

 After you had opted for the C.U. English Honours, you will pushed on to study a lot of different texts which might not leave a good taste. But with the time you will be able get insights of other subjects as well. English honours is not just composed of stores and literature but it also has the crucial elements of philosophy, psychology and history. A student of English literature not just reads his books but he also has to think, analyze and criticize the different aspects of it.


Where this course will take you?

An English Honours degree will open the doors to a wide range of careers. Successful graduated can easily make their foray in the field of professional writing, teaching, IT, law, education policy, publishing, events management, marketing and journalism and leisure and tourism.  Apart from these graduates can even opt for a wide array of governmental jobs. It should be noted that governmental jobs are given on the basis of a written exam followed by a personal interview. Most of the exams give major emphasis to English language and having an English Honours will make it easier for the graduates to cover up the English section and score more from that part.

We will talk about how to groom yourself for these field after graduating with English Honours in upcoming blog article.

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Differences Between European English And American English

The reason for varied differences between the European English and American is attributed to Noah Webster who had brought Webster’s Dictionary. English language was first introduced to the Americans by the British a long back in 1607 and this language spread to other parts of America as well as on global within a short time. Noah Webster brought wholesome changes in the American dictionary and language by advocating a strict spelling reform which made the words appear slightly different from its European English counterparts.

There is wide range of difference between the American and British English on different scales and terms. One good example can be related to the consideration of ‘singular’ and ‘plural’ noun in similar circumstances. An American English speaker happens to consider group of people as a singular noun. Therefore they would say “The audience was rising to their feet”. But British English considers audience as plural noun and says “The audiences were rising to their feet”.

Extreme Differences In Vocabulary

There is huge difference between the vocabulary shared by American and British native speakers which can easily be seen in the use of writing and speaking. The difference doesn’t mean that the word used as synonym or antonym or for regular is wrong in any context. It simply translates that people from these different continent speaks and thinks about same thing with different names which kind of act as synonym in reality. For example Amercan native speakers term football as ‘soccer’ while British counterpart adheres to ‘football’ word usage for defining that sport.

The List of Vocabulary Based Differences Are As Follows:

British	American
Anticlockwise	Counterclockwise
Bin	Trash Can
Bin Liner	Trash Bag
Biscuit	Cookie
Bonnet	Hood
Boot	Trunk
Braces	Suspenders
Called	Named
Chemist	Pharmacist
Cooker	Stove
Dear	Expensive
Estate Agent	Realtor
Fag	Cigarette
Football	Soccer
Garden	Yard
Hire	Rent
Holiday	Vacation
Marks	Grades
Nappies	Diapers
Mobile Phone	Cell Phone
Pavement	Sidewalk, Footpath
Petrol	Gasoline, Gas
Post	Mail
Rob	Steal
Roster	Schedule
Solicitor	Lawyer, Attorney
Spanner	Wrench
Tap	Faucet
Taste	Flavour
Toilet	Restroom, Bathroom
Torch	Flashlight
Windscreen	Windshield
Trolley	Cart

Spelling Differences Between British And American English

It is widely known that the both the kinds of English phonetically different from each other on a lesser level but there are also widespread spelling differences. The spelling differences also leads to the pronounciation differences to a great extent.

Some of the differently spelled words are as follows:

British English	American English
Aeroplane	Airplane
Aluminium	Aluminum
Checque	Check
Gramme	Gram
Jewellery	Jewelry
Kerb	Curb
Learnt	Learned
Manoeuvre	Maneuver
Mould	Mold
Moustache	Mustache
Skeptical	Sceptical
Storey	Story
Sulpher	Sulfer
Pyjamas	Pajamas
Routeing	Routing
Tyre	Tire

There s also an obvious differences in the use suffixes of words throughout the English and American English. Suffixes used in English language such as –ise in words like supervise, minimize etc. are written with –ize suffixes in American English though the meaning remains the same. Some other examples are:

English	American	Example
-ise	-ize	Minimise, Minimize
-our	-or	Behaviour, Behavior
-re	-er	Centre, Center
-ce	-se	Defence, defense

Another difference which can be seen is how some words are spelled with “ae” in the English vocabulary but in American is substituted with a simple ‘e’. Some of the words like Anaesthesia, Archaelogy, Encyclopaepedia and paedophile are written as anesthesia, archeology, encyclopedia and pedophile.

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Romanticism In Kubla Khan: C.U. English Honours Notes

S.T. Coleridge may be distinguished as the most representative of the English Romantic poets of the early nineteenth century. Kubla Khan, a celebratory poem of Coleridge is romantic in its tone, temperament and content.

Coleridge excels his contemporaries in the psychological treatment of the Middle Ages, where, a strange beauty is there to be won by strong imagination out of things unlikely or remote. The exquisite, distant setting of Kubla Khan is laid in harmony with this aspect of Romanticism, that is, “strangeness added to beauty”. The first stanza gives a sensuous, typical pictorial presentation of an earthly paradise, which does not have any historical significance. It is the landscape of Xandu, which Kubla Khan has selected for building his pleasure-dome, on the bank of the river Alph. Thus a medieval, autocratic Chinese monarch forms the subject of the poem. The names--- Xandu, Alph etc.—unfamiliar and wrought with the spirit of mystery, lend to the poem an enchantment of their own. 

The exotic plot of land is one of teeming nature—garden, hills, serpentine rivulets, forests and spots of vegetation—all these embracing the centrally located “miracle of rare device”, that is, Kubla’s palace. Down the slopes of the green hills runs a “deep romantic chasm”. A mysterious atmosphere hangs over the place as a woman is heard lamenting for her deserted demon-lover. The story derives its origin from the Gothic tales. The nocturnal beauty of the paradisal landscape is maligned by the “waning” lunar crescent. This is a morbid aspect of romanticism. The second part of the poem also exhibits his inclination for medievalism as here the poet transports us to the far-off land of Abyssinia.

It is the perception of “strangeness added to beauty” that makes for the Romantics’ interest in the supernatural—in things veiled under mystery. The essence of Coleridge’s romanticism lies in his artistic rendering of the supernatural phenomena. The “woman wailing for her demon lover” and “the ancestral voices prophesying war” are obviously supernatural occurrences. The process of the genesis of the river—the bursting of the fountain volleying up huge fragments and its subterranean terminus evokes a sense of wonder and awe. Towards the end of the poem the poet is presented as a supernatural being feeding on honey-dew and milk of paradise.

The kingdom of Xandu as pictured by Kubla Khan.

Kubla Khan is remarkable for its sensuousness which is a great romantic feature. It abounds in sensuous and picturesque description of the vast stretch of land overgrown with the beauties of nature:

 “And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,

Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree:

And here were forests ancients as the hills,

Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.”

The shadow of the dome floating midway on the waves is also sensuous. The sensuousness is further reinforced with the description of the Abyssinian maid playing on her stringed instrument and singing of Mount Abora. The images employed in the poem are sensuous. The dome is an agreed emblem of fulfilment and satisfaction. Its spherical shape is likened to a woman’s breast, both being circular and complete. Moreover, the word “pleasure” is the recurrent qualifier of dome---“a stately pleasure dome” in the line 2, “the dome of pleasure” in the line 31, “a sunny pleasure-dome” in the line 36. The other sensuous images are “thresher’s flail”, “rebounding hail”, “caves of ice”, “sunny dome” etc.

Kubla Khan is essentially a dream-poem recounting in a poetic form what the poet saw in a vision. It has all the marks of a dream—vividness, free association and inconsequence. The dream-like texture of Coleridge’s poem gives it a kind of twilight vagueness intensifying its mystery. This dream-quality contributes greatly to making the poem romantic.

To conclude, it has been rightly said that Coleridge’s poetry is “the most finished, supreme embodiment of all that is purest and ethereal in the romantic spirit”.

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The Justification Of Title- The Rivals: C.U. English Honours Part-II Notes

A very befitting title

This comedy of intrigues has a very befitting title because almost all intrigues in it refer to the rivalry of different characters for winning their prize. The title thus refers to the central theme of the play. Although at its face it might seem a comical title but in essence it is deeply satirical. In other way, the title can also be taken as a satire on the husbands in general who were suspicious of unknown rivals and the foolishly romantic girls who found pleasure in surrounding themselves with contending rivals.

The main rivals in the play

Some critics opine that the title The Rivals does not carry a very precise relevance. It has however been suggested that by his title Sheridan was referring to the pseudo rivalry of Captain Absolute and Ensign Beverly. Captain Absolute has to assume the personality of a poor sub-lieutenant to tickle the humour of Lydia Lnguish, the romantic heroine, who according to Fag is a lady of a very singular taste, a lady who like him better as half-pay ensign than if she knew he was son and heir to Sir Anthony Absolute, a baronet of three thousand a year.” Lydia is dissuaded from marrying Beverly by her caperon Mrs. Malaprop, who intercepts his letters written to her. Later she herself brings with the help of Sir Anthony, his son Captain Absolute as a suitor to Lydia and so rival to Ensign Beverly is provided. He is therefore at the same time in Lydia’s eyes, the two rivals—the adored Beverly and the detested Captain Absolute.

However, there are two pretenders to Lydia’s hand, even if neither one plays an important part in the love plot. Bob Acres versus Ensign Beverly and Sir Lucius O’Trigger versus Captain Absolute are the avowed duels to be fought in the course of the play. Acres was encouraged by Mrs. Malaprop to become the suitor of Lydia and he thus hold the rivalry with Beverly. Acres is the type of the rich landlord of the countryside who tries to pose himself to be a city dandy by changing his country dress and style of hair and learning fashionable French dances. He is a coward at heart and does not like to fight a duel for the sake of his beloved Lydia though egged on by the fiery Lucius he sends a challenge to Ensign Beverly. 

A third rival is Sir Lucius O’Trigger, a poor Irish baronet who is duped by Lucy into believing that he has been corresponding with Lydia, and not Mrs. Malaprop though it was actually the reverse. He wishes to marry the rich heiress for the sake of improving his finances. The Irishman had been a permanent comic figure on the contemporary English stage and Sir Lucius is no exception. He is always eager to fight a duel and he also cites other to do same. Unlike Acres, he is not a coward and is ready to risk his life for the sake of making his fortune.

Problem of rivalry is finally solved

The tangle of the three rivals is finally cleared at King’s Mead Fields, where the three are about to be engaged in duels. The main problem of rivalry is solved when the identity of Captain Absolute is discovered by all. After that nothing much remains to be done than to bring Lydia round to accept Captain Absolute in his own person, and his rivalry with Beverly in the main plot ends. Bob Acres’s rivalry with Captain Absolute ends as soon as he comes to know his real identity. He takes the first opportunity to back out from the duel and promptly gives up all claims on Lydia. Sir Lucius also, when discovers his mistake of confusing Delia with Lydia, remains no more a rival of Captain Absolute.

Then there are imaginary rivalry is too in Faulkland’s mind. And, being foolishly jealous of them, he not only prepares his bitter cup for himself but also tortures Julia. He too is purged of his suspicious nature in the end. The complications of the play end on a happy note as was typical of all comedies of manners. Hence we can say that the title of the play is not only befitting but the theme it suggests, serves to interlink the three plots.

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